At the end of the day, if you’re a DIY home builder or renovator looking to do right by the planet and your wallet, reclaimed bricks are a seriously tempting option. You’ve probably heard the buzzwords—embodied energy, U-value, thermal mass—but let’s be honest, those terms can sound like a foreign language when you just want to know if those old bricks are going to hold up. Plus, with brick prices ranging from about $0.50 to $2.50 each depending on quality and source, it’s crucial to make sure you’re not paying for a dud.
In this guide, I’ll walk you through how to inspect used bricks, test their quality, and spot the telltale signs of spalling and other damage. I’ll also share some real-world tips from my 15 years in sustainable architecture, including why I trust classic manufacturers like Glen-Gery and Belden Brick Company when buying new, and how reclaimed bricks stack up in comparison.
Why Reclaimed Bricks? The Environmental and Budget Angle
First off, why even consider reclaimed bricks? Here’s the quick rundown:
- Lower embodied energy: Reclaimed bricks have already “paid” their carbon debt during their initial manufacture—no need for new firing. Budget-friendly: At roughly $0.50 to $2.50 each versus $1 to $4 for new bricks, you can stretch your budget further. Character and history: They add a unique charm and patina you just don’t get with shiny new bricks.
But—and this is a big but—if the bricks are damaged or weak, you might end up with costly repairs or structural issues down the line. That’s why inspecting used bricks is key before you commit.
Understanding Brick Damage: What You’re Looking For
Before you start testing, it helps to know the common types of brick damage:
- Spalling: This is when the brick’s surface flakes, peels, or crumbles. It happens when water penetrates brick pores, freezes, and expands, causing the outer layers to break off. Cracks: Can indicate structural stress or freeze-thaw damage. Efflorescence: White, powdery salt deposits on the surface. While not structurally damaging, it can hint at moisture problems. Surface erosion: General wear that thins the brick face, reducing durability.
Spalling is the worst offender because it directly affects the brick’s longevity and strength. If you find bricks with extensive spalling, I recommend passing on them.
Step-by-Step: How to Inspect Used Bricks
Let’s get practical. Here’s a simple checklist to inspect reclaimed bricks before you buy or reuse them:
Visual Inspection: Look closely at the surface for spalling, cracks, and surface erosion. Use a magnifying glass if needed. Tap Test: Tap the brick with a metal object (like a small hammer or screwdriver handle). A clear, ringing sound usually means the brick is solid. A dull or hollow sound could indicate internal cracks or voids. Drop Test: From a low height (around 1-2 feet), drop the brick onto a hard surface. It shouldn’t shatter or crumble. This test is less scientific but effective for quick screening. Water Absorption Test: Soak the brick in water for 24 hours, then check weight gain. Bricks shouldn’t absorb more than 20% of their weight in water. Excessive absorption means higher risk of spalling. Check for Efflorescence: While not a deal-breaker, heavy white salt deposits suggest moisture issues that could promote future damage.The Water Absorption Test in Detail
This is one of the most telling tests for brick quality and durability. Here’s how to do it:
Weigh your dry brick and note the weight. Submerge it fully in water for 24 hours. Remove the brick, wipe the surface dry (don’t dry completely), and weigh it again. Calculate the percentage increase: (Wet Weight - Dry Weight) ÷ Dry Weight × 100%If the absorption is above 20%, the brick is likely too porous and will degrade faster, especially in climates with freeze-thaw cycles.
Comparing Reclaimed Bricks to New Bricks from Glen-Gery and Belden
In my experience, when quality and consistency are critical, reputable manufacturers like Glen-Gery and Belden Brick Company offer new bricks engineered for durability and performance. Their products often undergo rigorous testing for water absorption, freeze-thaw resistance, and compressive strength.
But new bricks from these companies often cost $1.50-$4.00 each, depending on style and finish. So if budget is tight, reclaimed bricks can be a smart choice—provided you do your homework.
One thing to note: new bricks typically have more uniform size and texture, making construction faster and mortar joints cleaner. Reclaimed bricks have irregularities which can add charm but might require more skilled labor.
Pros and Cons of Reclaimed Bricks vs. Other Materials
Material Embodied Energy Durability Cost (per brick/unit) Environmental Impact Reclaimed Brick Very Low (already fired) Good if inspected properly $0.50 - $2.50 Low, reuses existing materials New Glen-Gery/Belden Bricks Moderate-High (new firing & transport) Very High $1.50 - $4.00 Moderate, but better longevity Concrete Blocks High (cement manufacturing) High Varies, often cheaper High carbon footprint Timber (treated) Low-Moderate Moderate (decay, pests) Varies widely Renewable but can have durability issuesFinal Tips from the Field
- Buy from trusted sources: Look for suppliers specializing in reclaimed brick who pre-inspect their stock—this saves you time and guesswork. Test a sample batch: Before committing to a large order, run the tests on a handful of bricks to gauge overall quality. Consider your climate: If you live in an area with harsh winters, prioritize bricks with low water absorption to avoid spalling. Mind the mortar: Reclaimed bricks often require lime-based mortar rather than modern Portland cement, as it’s more flexible and breathable. Be wary of greenwashing: Some companies market plastic-based “brick veneers” or thin bricks as eco-friendly alternatives. They can have high embodied energy and short lifespans, so stick to solid clay bricks when possible.
In Closing: Bricks That Tell a Story and Stand the Test of Time
Reclaimed bricks are more than just building materials—they’re fragments of history, each with a story baked into their clay. But like any heirloom, they demand respect and careful evaluation. By inspecting used bricks for damage, running simple tests, and weighing their pros and cons with new bricks from trusted brands like Glen-Gery and Belden, you can make smart choices that balance sustainability, durability, and budget.
Remember, a brick that looks solid but hides spalling beneath the surface is like a rotten apple in the basket—it can spoil the whole batch. Take your time, do your due diligence, and those bricks will reward you with beauty and strength for decades.
If you want to geek out on the history of bricks or chat about the wonders of Roman brick construction (did you know some have lasted almost 2,000 years?), you know where to find me—probably clutching my cost of brick vs siding worn-out brick sample in my bag.